Methodology v0.9 public draft

How Epieme sources, verifies, and publishes patient-safety records.

Epieme exists to make public patient-safety records easier to find, verify, correct, and cite. This page documents how records move from official sources into Epieme, what is still incomplete, and who is accountable for methodology decisions.

30-second summary

What to know before relying on an Epieme record.

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  • Sources: Epieme indexes public records from official government, licensing, court, legislative, and petition sources. Source coverage is documented per source and per state.
  • Updates: update cadence varies by source. Each source row lists cadence, last pulled date, and known gaps.
  • Limits: Epieme does not claim complete national coverage, does not publish protected health information, and does not score or rank hospitals.
  • Corrections: anyone can report an error. Epieme targets a first response within 5 business days and will publish dispositions in a corrections log.

Mission and perimeter

Public records should stay attached to every summary.

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Epieme is a civic intelligence project for patient-safety public records. It helps patients, journalists, regulators, researchers, attorneys, hospital quality officers, and advocates locate records faster without treating an AI summary as the source of truth.

What Epieme is

A source-linked index for public patient-safety records, credentialing signals, legislation, and related civic context.

What Epieme is not

Not medical advice, not legal advice, not a hospital quality score, not a substitute for clinical review, and not the official source.

"The summary is useful only when the official record remains one click away."
Last reviewed by Samson Cournane on May 26, 2026. Report an error

Audience

One methodology, several skeptical readers.

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Patients and families

Need a plain path from a record to the public source.

Journalists

Need citations, dates, contact paths, and correction history.

Hospital quality officers

Need provenance, definitions, limits, and dispute process.

Researchers and regulators

Need reproducible definitions, licensing terms, and exports.

"A skeptical reader should be able to reproduce one claim before trusting a thousand."
Last reviewed by Samson Cournane on May 26, 2026. Report an error

Data sources

Every source gets the same disclosure template.

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Source rows use the same fields so readers can compare coverage without guessing what is current, licensed, partial, or planned. Where the final source list is not verified, this page marks it as a placeholder instead of implying coverage.

CMS State health departments Medical boards Legislatures Courts FOIA logs
Master source table, public draft
Name Origin Coverage Cadence Format License Limitations Last pulled Link
State adverse-event reports State health departments Partial State-by-state Placeholder: varies by state PDF, HTML, CSV where available Public record, source-specific terms Reporting rules vary. Voluntary systems undercount. Placeholder State pages
Medical board actions State licensing boards Partial Placeholder Placeholder: weekly or monthly HTML, PDF, search portals Public record, source-specific terms Names, dates, and categories differ by board. Placeholder Source pages
Patient-safety legislation State legislative sources and bill APIs Partial 50-state plan Daily during sessions, placeholder API, HTML Source-specific terms Bill text can lag status changes. Placeholder States
Public petitions and testimony Public petition pages, hearings, public comments Planned Source-dependent Placeholder HTML, PDF, CSV where available Source-specific terms May include advocacy framing. Needs source separation. Placeholder Roadmap
Technical source template

Each per-source page should include: source owner, retrieval method, schema mapping, retry policy, parser version, validation checks, terms-of-use note, known missing fields, and contact path for the source owner.

Per-source pages

Placeholder: source micro-methodology pages should live at stable URLs such as /methodology/sources/cms-care-compare and /methodology/sources/maine-medical-board. Until those pages are live, Epieme should not imply complete source documentation.

Per-state methodology

Placeholder: each state page should disclose coverage, source mix, statutory context, FOIA status, known gaps, public-records request log, and last review date.

Last reviewed by Samson Cournane on May 26, 2026. Report an error

Collection and pipeline

Records move through five documented gates.

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The diagram is a map, not the methodology itself. Each gate must link to a source-level or state-level method page as those pages become available.

  1. 01 Source Official record, FOIA response, or public filing.
  2. 02 Ingest Pull, archive, checksum, and log retrieval.
  3. 03 Normalize Map names, dates, locations, categories.
  4. 04 Verify Classify confidence and preserve source link.
  5. 05 Publish Show record with limits, date, and correction path.

Ingest

Plain-language: Epieme records where each source came from and when it was retrieved. Technical detail: retrieval logs should include URL, timestamp, parser version, status code, checksum, and source owner.

Normalize

Plain-language: Epieme makes records comparable without changing what the source says. Technical detail: normalized fields should preserve raw values and transformation notes.

Publish

Plain-language: the published record shows the source, date, confidence tier, and correction link. Technical detail: publication should be versioned so prior displays can be reproduced.

"A pipeline stage that cannot be audited is not a methodology stage yet."
Last reviewed by Samson Cournane on May 26, 2026. Report an error

Verification and quality

Every claim needs a confidence tier.

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Epieme should never ask readers to trust a conclusion without showing whether it is directly verified, derived from joined records, or still unresolved.

Verified primary source Derived or partial Unverified or planned

Verified incident

A record linked to a primary public source with matching facility, date or date range, jurisdiction, and document owner.

Credentialing red flag

Placeholder: define the exact source categories before using this term in product copy.

Human review reliability

Placeholder: inter-rater reliability has not been published. Target: publish Cohen's kappa or equivalent after the first reviewed corpus.

No rankings

Epieme does not score or rank hospitals. It surfaces records, source links, confidence tiers, and known limitations.

Validation checks planned for each record
  • Source URL resolves and is archived where lawful.
  • Source owner matches the jurisdiction and record type.
  • Extracted dates can be traced to the raw document.
  • Classifier outputs retain a confidence tier and version.
  • Corrections retain prior display and disposition.
Last reviewed by Samson Cournane on May 26, 2026. Report an error

Worked example

How to read one record end to end.

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This example is intentionally marked as a placeholder until it can be connected to a real public record, source URL, and record ID. Do not replace it with invented case data.

Placeholder record

State adverse-event report, source pending

Jurisdiction
Placeholder: state
Facility
Placeholder: facility name
Incident type
Placeholder: category
Confidence
Unverified
  1. Source link: should open the official page, not a screenshot or scraped copy.
  2. Extracted fields: should show the raw value, normalized value, and parser version.
  3. Limits: should state what cannot be inferred from the record.
  4. Correction: should prefill the record ID and section anchor.
"A record is not complete until a reader can travel back to the source that created it."
Last reviewed by Samson Cournane on May 26, 2026. Report an error

Definitions

Operational terms are defined before they are marketed.

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Source-linked

A record includes a direct path to the public source used for the claim.

Public record

A record lawfully available from a public agency, court, board, legislature, or public filing system.

Derived claim

A claim produced by joining two or more records. It must show the join logic.

Protected health information

Individually identifiable health information protected by HIPAA or state privacy law. Epieme will not publish raw PHI.

FOIA or public-records request

A request to a public body for records under federal or state access laws.

Model card

A classifier disclosure that lists inputs, training data, evaluation, failure modes, and retraining date.

Last reviewed by Samson Cournane on May 26, 2026. Report an error

Limits and bias

Known gaps are part of the record.

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  • State variance: FOIA laws, adverse-event definitions, disciplinary reporting, and publication practices differ by state.
  • Underreporting: voluntary systems can miss events. Epieme will not present absence of records as absence of risk.
  • Adjacent data: malpractice payouts, peer review, clinical outcomes, and sealed settlements are outside the current perimeter unless a public source is documented.
  • U.S.-only: international expansion is not part of v0.9. If added, it should be documented under a future major version.
"Naming the gap is safer than letting a reader infer coverage that does not exist."
Last reviewed by Samson Cournane on May 26, 2026. Report an error

AI and automation

Automation assists classification. It does not become authority.

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Placeholder: publish the full classifier list before using any automated labels in production. Each classifier should receive a model card and version history.

Where automation may be used

Topic labeling, source deduplication, field extraction, and anomaly flags.

Where humans review

Corrections, disputed records, source changes, sensitive categories, and methodology updates.

What is never automated

Final correction disposition, funding disclosure, takedown decisions, and editorial policy changes.

Model card placeholder

Classifier name, owner, model type, inputs, training set, evaluation set, measured errors, known failure modes, human review threshold, last retrained date, and rollback path.

Last reviewed by Samson Cournane on May 26, 2026. Report an error

Ethics, legal, compliance

The page states what Epieme will not publish.

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HIPAA posture

Epieme works with public records. It will not publish raw PHI, private medical records, or identifiers that are not already lawfully public and necessary for the record.

What Epieme will not publish

Raw PHI, private patient narratives without permission, sealed records, peer-review protected material, or content obtained outside lawful access channels.

Subject access

Providers or facilities disputing a record can request review. The correction path should preserve the original source and publish the disposition.

Privacy, terms, data use, acceptable use, and DMCA pages should be linked here once finalized. Current placeholder: Privacy.

"Public does not mean publish without judgment."
Last reviewed by Samson Cournane on May 26, 2026. Report an error

Corrections and disputes

Mistakes need a public path, not a private inbox.

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Correction commitment

Epieme targets a first response within 5 business days. A final disposition should state whether the record was corrected, annotated, removed, or left unchanged.

Report an error

Public corrections log

Placeholder: publish a dated corrections feed with record ID, summary, change type, and disposition.

Fixed mistake example

Placeholder: add the first real corrected error after launch. Do not fabricate one.

Takedown policy

Placeholder: document unlawful, sealed, misattributed, or privacy-sensitive takedown criteria.

"A correction is a methodology artifact, not a customer-support ticket."
Last reviewed by Samson Cournane on May 26, 2026. Report an error

Independence and funding

Hospitals cannot pay to change a listing.

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Funding and conflicts need to be visible before procurement, reporters, or public agencies ask for them.

Funding disclosure

Placeholder: disclose Spark Accelerator support, grants, contracts, customer revenue, and exact update date.

Funder firewall

Hospitals, vendors, funders, and advertisers cannot pay to change methodology, suppress records, alter rankings, or edit source-linked displays.

Conflicts of interest

Placeholder: list any family, advisory, research, hospital, legal, or institutional relationships relevant to coverage.

Advertising policy

Epieme should not sell hospital advertising against public patient-safety listings.

Last reviewed by Samson Cournane on May 26, 2026. Report an error

Governance and credentials

Methodology changes have a named owner.

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Current methodology owner

Samson Cournane. Placeholder: add full founder bio, Johns Hopkins affiliation, ARCADE Lab role, LinkedIn, and any conflict disclosures after verification.

External review

Placeholder: no independent methodology audit is published yet. Target date and reviewer should be listed before launch.

Advisory board

Placeholder: list named advisors with permission, photos, bios, expertise, and conflicts. Do not imply an advisory board before it exists.

"A one-person company can be credible only when accountability is explicit."
Last reviewed by Samson Cournane on May 26, 2026. Report an error

Comparison

What Epieme is responsible for, compared with adjacent tools.

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Strict comparison, public draft
Surface Primary purpose Source transparency 50-state method pages Correction workflow
Epieme Source-linked patient-safety public records Required on every record Planned, placeholder Public SLA, placeholder log
CMS Care Compare Federal quality and comparison information Federal methodology documents Not Epieme's claim to assess Source-specific
Leapfrog Hospital safety grades and survey-based measures Published methodology Not Epieme's claim to assess Source-specific
ProPublica patient-safety work Journalistic investigations and datasets Project-specific Not Epieme's claim to assess Editorial corrections
Last reviewed by Samson Cournane on May 26, 2026. Report an error

Reproduce, cite, license

Researchers should not need to email for citation basics.

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Cite this page

Epieme. "Epieme methodology: sources, verification, limits." Version 0.9 public draft. Last modified May 26, 2026. https://epieme.org/how-it-works.html

Citation exports

Placeholder: BibTeX, RIS, and Zotero-ready citation files should be generated from the same metadata as this page.

Open data

Placeholder: define CC-BY slices, commercial API terms, and researcher access before publishing exports.

Code release

Placeholder: link ingestion code or publish a target date for reproducible source parsers.

PDF version

Placeholder: generated PDF should come from this page content, not a hand-maintained document.

Versioning and changelog

Placeholder: maintain permanent links to methodology versions, date, owner, and diff summary.

Last reviewed by Samson Cournane on May 26, 2026. Report an error

Roadmap and continuity

Unfinished work is named instead of hidden.

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External skeptic review

Placeholder: name reviewer, publish write-up, and keep prior review dates.

Source and state pages

Placeholder: launch priority sources and the first state methodology set.

Sunset and preservation

Placeholder: document archive partner, export format, and data release if Epieme shuts down.

Last reviewed by Samson Cournane on May 26, 2026. Report an error

FAQ

Questions procurement and reporters ask first.

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Does Epieme claim complete national coverage?

No. Coverage is source-specific, state-specific, and versioned. Unknown coverage is labeled as unknown or planned.

Does Epieme score or rank hospitals?

No. Epieme surfaces public records, source links, confidence tiers, and known limitations.

Does Epieme publish protected health information?

No. Epieme will not publish raw PHI or private medical records.

Where is AI used?

Placeholder: classification and extraction tools must be documented with model cards before production use.

How are errors corrected?

Report a record or section error. Epieme targets first response within 5 business days and will publish dispositions.

Can a hospital pay to change a listing?

No. Payments, contracts, donations, or partnerships cannot alter source-linked records or methodology decisions.

Can researchers use Epieme data?

Placeholder: public slices, commercial API terms, and data-sharing agreements need final license language.

Who owns this methodology?

Current owner: Samson Cournane. External review board is a placeholder until named reviewers are confirmed.

Last reviewed by Samson Cournane on May 26, 2026. Report an error

Contacts

Different questions need different response paths.

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Placeholder: replace contact aliases with monitored inboxes and response windows before launch. Press contact should include a phone number or same-day escalation path.